ɥ. Voiced labial-palatal approximant. ɧ. Simultaneous ʃ and x. ʜ. Voiceless epiglottal fricative. Affricates and double articulations can be represented by two symbols joined by a tie bar if necessary. ʢ. Voiced epiglottal fricative/approximant. Help. : IPA/Dutch. This is the pronunciation key for IPA transcriptions of Dutch on Wikipedia. It provides a set of symbols to represent the pronunciation of Dutch in Wikipedia articles, and example words that illustrate the sounds that correspond to them. Integrity must be maintained between the key and the transcriptions that link here; do ...English phonology is the system of speech sounds used in spoken English. Like many other languages, English has wide variation in pronunciation, both historically and from dialect to dialect.In general, however, the regional dialects of English share a largely similar (but not identical) phonological system. Among other things, most dialects have vowel …The reason given is: The vowel charts are outdated. Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information. ... The first is phonetic: The duration of long vowels in relation to short ones has reduced by a lot (from 2.5:1 in the 1960s to 1.5:1 in the 2000s). Some studies suggest that the length of all vowels is ...This IPA keyboard allows you to type pronunciations of English words as they appear in major English dictionaries from publishers like Longman, Oxford, etc. Dictionary transcriptions are “phonemic transcriptions”. They only give you the broad-strokes view of the pronunciation – just enough to make sure you won’t confuse two different words.The chart below explains how Wikipedia represents Modern Standard Arabic pronunciations with the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA). Wikipedia also has specific charts for Egyptian Arabic, Hejazi Arabic, Lebanese Arabic, and Tunisian Arabic.For a guide to adding IPA characters to Wikipedia articles, see Template:IPA and …Standard Chinese can be analyzed as having between two and six vowel phonemes. [9] /i, u, y/ (which may also be analyzed as underlying glides) are high (close) vowels, /ə/ is mid whereas /a/ is low (open). The precise realization of each vowel depends on its phonetic environment.English has fifteen vowel sounds represented by the letters a, e, i, o, and u. The letters y, w, and gh are also commonly used in vowel sound-spellings. Vowel sounds are produced with a relatively open vocal tract. Consonant sounds, in contrast, are created by pushing air through a small opening in the vocal tract or by building up air in the ... The glottal stop [ʔ] is not a phoneme because it only occurs optionally in a few specific, predictable environments. It often occurs at the beginning of vowel-initial words after a pause. The glottal stop can also separate vowel articulations within words, such as in IQ-onderzoek, milieu-imago, toe-eigenen, coöperatie, and beaam.This is particularly …Interactive IPA Chart. The International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) is a set of symbols that linguists use to describe the sounds of spoken languages. This page lets you hear the sounds that the symbols represent, but remember that it is only a rough guide. There is lots of variation in how these sounds are said depending on the language and context. These International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) charts are designed by Eric Armstrong and voiced by Paul Meier (dialect coach and author of the best-selling ...Russian vowel chart by Jones & Trofimov (1923:55). The symbol i̝ stands for a positional variant of /i/ raised in comparison with the usual allophone of /i/, not a raised cardinal which would result in a consonant. Russian stressed vowel chart according to their formants and surrounding consonants, from Timberlake (2004:31, 38). C is hard (non ...The symbol for the Open-mid central rounded vowel is IPA LS Uni 025E; the 2005 chart uses a rotated closed-omega. The Rising-falling tone letter is IPA LS Uni E9B3, a non-Unicode mapping; the 2005 chart uses a combination of a Minor (foot) group and a circumflex. Even though most users will not have access to the IPA Kiel font, the Association ...The arrangement of the vowel sounds in the chart below reflects the IPA standard. Rounded and unrounded pairs are represented as: Unrounded • Rounded. For this class, you should learn the terms used to describe the vowel sounds of English. The IPA vowel chart has 28 vowel sounds. These are all the vowel sounds that can possibly be made in human speech. However, not all of these vowels are used in English. There are 12 monophthong vowels and eight diphthong vowels used in English. The vowels specific to a language are displayed in phonemic charts.International Phonetic Alphabet. Below is an IPA chart for received pronunciation, which is generally regarded as the standard accent for British English. IPA (International Phonetic Alphabet) is a system of phonetic notation using the Latin script. The purpose of IPA is to provide a symbol for every sound for every language and accent. The Color Vowel Chart enables you to use a visual approach in teaching r-controlled vowels. R-controlled vowels are vowels that, when followed by an “r,” have a modified sound. • First, say the word and hold the vowel sound that precedes the “r.” Then locate the sound of the stressed vowel on the Chart.1 feb 2017 ... On the phonemic chart, we show the link between voiced and unvoiced consonants with a small line, as reminder that the two sounds are produced ...Listen 'smoother' [ˈsmuðɹ̩] IE Users: Activate audio by going to Internet Options > Advanced > Security > Allow Contents to run in My Computer 'bloom' [ˈblum] IE Users: Activate audio by going to Internet Options > Advanced > Security > Allow Contents to run in My Computer The charts below show how the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) represents the Ancient Greek (AG) and Modern Greek (MG) pronunciations in Wikipedia articles. The Ancient Greek pronunciation shown here is a reconstruction of the Attic dialect in the 5th century BC. For other Ancient Greek dialects, such as Doric, Aeolic, or Koine Greek, …Row and column labels are partly my own, reflecting widespread descriptive practice among linguists. The IPA does not label all the rows and columns of its chart. f is the value of this symbol in the Cardinal Vowel system; i.e. a front vowel c is the value of this symbol as commonly used by linguists; i.e. a central vowel. top The IPA Chart. This website, built to accompany the book "A Course in Phonetics", opens with the International Phonetic Alphabet. Click anywhere on the chart ...This chart provides audio examples for phonetic vowel symbols. The symbols shown include those in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) and added material. The chart is based on the official IPA vowel chart . Phonetic Symbols for Vowels (as commonly used for languages of Mexico) Click on any of the phonetic symbols to hear the vowel sound it represents.Polish oral vowels depicted on a vowel diagram, from Wiśniewski (2007 :72). Main allophones (in black) are in broad transcription. Positional variants (in red) appear in palatal contexts. The close-mid back [ o] is a free variant (in blue) before [ w]. The Polish vowel system consists of six oral sounds.The charts below show the way in which the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) represents Modern and Biblical Hebrew language pronunciations in Wikipedia articles. For a guide to adding IPA characters to Wikipedia articles, see Template:IPA and Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Pronunciation § Entering IPA characters.. Since Modern …The symbol for the Close-mid central unrounded vowel is IPA LS Uni 0258; the 2005 chart uses a rotated e. The symbol for the Open-mid central rounded vowel is IPA LS Uni 025E; the 2005 chart uses a rotated closed-omega. The Rising-falling tone letter is IPA LS Uni E9B3, a non-Unicode mapping; the 2005 chart uses a combination of a Mino r (foot ...This yields a total of twelve contrasting vowels in stressed position. In pre-stressed position, there is a ten-vowel phonetic contrast, where the quality of the corresponding stressed vowel is roughly preserved: [i e a o u ı)e)å)o)u)]. Nasalised vowels in this position surface either before /N/ (e.g. temporal te)mpo"|aU8‘temporal’) or ...IPA chart with MP3 sound files; IPA vowel chart with AIFF sound files; Materials for measuring and plotting vowel formants; Vowels and Consonants Archived 2005-07-03 at the Wayback Machine Online examples from Ladefoged's Vowels and Consonants, referenced above.The main difference between vowels and consonants is that consonants are sounds that are made by constricting airflow through the mouth. When a consonant is pronounced, the teeth, lips or tongue pinch together, while vowels are pronounced t...Australian English (AuE) is a non-rhotic variety of English spoken by most native-born Australians. Phonologically, it is one of the most regionally homogeneous language varieties in the world. Australian English is notable for vowel length contrasts which are absent from most English dialects.. The Australian English vowels /ɪ/, /e/, /eː/ and /oː/ are noticeably …jump to monophthong chart jump to diphthong chart jump to /j/ glide ending chart jump to /w/ glide ending chart 1. Introduction This is one of the most important reference pages at thai-language.com.Students studying Thai often spend a great deal of time learning the Thai consonants, while the vowels may get only a cursory look.Phonetic: vowel sounds Phonetic: vowels - 2 Phonetic: consonants Phonetic: transcription Home. Worksheets - resources. The phonemic chart: symbols -sound. Phonemic typewriter I // typ-II. Text to speech. Phonetic transcription I // tr-II. Phonetic poster - pdf . Phonetic - vowel sounds. Phonetic: vowels 2.Aug 4, 2022 · Japanese vowels, IPA Audio and graphics created by Philip Neal Whitman for the Intercultural English Language Programs' Spoken English Program at The Ohio State University, 2022. Released under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial License. Last update: August 4, 2022 t . al . k . e [ m t. e-mid . n-id . n W. x e are d , s t Fs / d a n-d ... This page is a chart of the International Phonetic Alphabet. The International Phonetic Alphabet is a system of phonetic symbols. These are created and maintained by the International Phonetic Association. It is not a full list of every single sound that is in every language .Listen 'smoother' [ˈsmuðɹ̩] IE Users: Activate audio by going to Internet Options > Advanced > Security > Allow Contents to run in My Computer 'bloom' [ˈblum] IE Users: Activate audio by going to Internet Options > Advanced > Security > Allow Contents to run in My ComputerThe IPA vowel symbols are typically more difficult than consonants for speakers of English to learn, since they seldom represent the sounds that the corresponding English letters (usually) do. The major vowel symbols, [a], [e], [i], [o], and [u], represent the sounds that the corresponding letters do in the spelling systems of many European ...Phonetic: vowel sounds Phonetic: vowels - 2 Phonetic: consonants Phonetic: transcription Home. Worksheets - resources. The phonemic chart: symbols -sound. Phonemic typewriter I // typ-II. Text to speech. Phonetic transcription I // tr-II. Phonetic poster - pdf . Phonetic - vowel sounds. Phonetic: vowels 2.The main difference between vowels and consonants is that consonants are sounds that are made by constricting airflow through the mouth. When a consonant is pronounced, the teeth, lips or tongue pinch together, while vowels are pronounced t...The charts below show how the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) represents Spanish language pronunciations in Wikipedia articles. For a guide to adding IPA characters to Wikipedia articles, see Template:IPA, and Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Pronunciation § Entering IPA characters.. For terms that are more relevant to regions that have not …The Color Vowel Chart allows us to describe any English word based on the pronunciation of the primary stressed syllable in the word. Here, it is important to focus on a fundamental rule of ... IPA Symbol COLOR i GREEN MOVING VOWELS The sounds at the left are all moving vowels (tense vowels, diphthongs, and glides). That is, the jaw and/or ...This page is a chart of the International Phonetic Alphabet. The International Phonetic Alphabet is a system of phonetic symbols. These are created and maintained by the International Phonetic Association. ... Official chart The official IPA chart, revised to 2020 Vowels. Front Central Back; Close: i. y. ɨ. ʉ. ɯ. u. Near-close: ɪ. ʏ. ʊ ...When it comes to mailing letters and packages, it is important to know how much postage you need in order to ensure that your mail reaches its destination. One of the best ways to calculate the cost of postage is by using a postage stamp ch...This list includes phonetic symbols for the transcription of English sounds, plus others that are used in this class for transliterating or transcribing various languages, with the articulatory description of the sounds and some extra comments where appropriate.. These symbols do not always follow the standard IPA (International Phonetic Alphabet) …[1] The following tables present pulmonic and non-pulmonic consonants. In the IPA, a pulmonic consonant is a consonant made by obstructing the glottis (the space between …Where symbols appear in pairs, the one to the right represents a rounded vowel. SUPRASEGMENTALS. Primary stress: Secondary stress : Long: Half-long: Extra-short: Minor (foot) group : Major (intonation) group : Syllable break : …Polish oral vowels depicted on a vowel diagram, from Wiśniewski (2007 :72). Main allophones (in black) are in broad transcription. Positional variants (in red) appear in palatal contexts. The close-mid back [ o] is a free variant (in blue) before [ w]. The Polish vowel system consists of six oral sounds.In this class, we will focus on learning the vowel and consonants (pulmonic) charts, focusing in particular on the sounds used in English. However, in order for ...The IPA vowel chart is an abstractation of the vocal cavity, your mouth. The top left corner corresponds to your top lip, the bottom left corner your bottom lip, and the bottom right corner the opening into your throat. My mouth isn’t really shaped like that either, but it’s close enough to use the IPA to figure out new vowel sounds.This chart provides audio examples for phonetic vowel symbols. The symbols shown include those in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) and added material. The chart is based on the official IPA vowel chart. The International Phonetic Alphabet is an alphabetic system of phonetic notation based primarily on the Latin alphabet. It was devised by the International Phonetic Association as a standardized …IPA symbols ; ŋ, ▷, velar nasal ; ɳ, ▷, retroflex nasal ; ɴ, ▷, uvular nasal ; o, ▷, close-mid back rounded vowel ; ɔ̃, ▷, open-mid back rounded nasal vowel.Diacritics may be placed above a symbol with a descender, e.g. ŋ̊. The International Phonetic Alphabet charts are made possible thanks to the International Phonetic Association (Department of Theoretical and Applied Linguistics, School of English, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54124, GREECE).IPA/Italian. 13 languages. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. This is the pronunciation key IPA transcriptions of Italian on Wikipedia. H:IPA-IT. H:IPAIT. H:IPAITA. The charts below show how the International Phonetic Alphabet represents pronunciations of Standard Italian in Wikipedia articles. For a guide to adding IPA characters to ...Printable handouts. Transcriptions 01 / p02 / p03 / p04 / p05 / p06. Worksheet - pdf exercises. Phonetics exercises with key. Phonetic Quizzes as worksheets to print. Phonetic Crossword puzzles. Phonetic Board Game using IPA Decoding. Phonetic Charts and Flash Cards. Transcription exercises.The symbols on this clickable chart represent the 44 sounds used in British English speech (Received Pronunciation). Click on each symbol or sample word to hear. ( See also: Printable Phonemic Chart) Monophthong vowels are arranged by mouth shape: left > right, lips wide > lips round. top > bottom, jaw closed > jaw open. The next letter in the series “A Z E B I Y O” is “C.” The reason for this can be understood by separating the series into three patterns: the vowels (A, E, I, O, U), the letters backward (Z, Y, X, …), and consonants (B, C, D, …).International Phonetic Alphabet. Below is an IPA chart for received pronunciation, which is generally regarded as the standard accent for British English. IPA (International Phonetic Alphabet) is a system of phonetic notation using the Latin script. The purpose of IPA is to provide a symbol for every sound for every language and accent.The Color Vowel Chart is a pronunciation tool for teaching and learning English. This tool enables teachers and learners to talk easily and accurately about the key sounds of English without the use of phonetic symbols. Instead of phonetic symbols, the Chart uses colors and key words to represent the vowel sounds of English.The IPA vowel chart is an abstractation of the vocal cavity, your mouth. The top left corner corresponds to your top lip, the bottom left corner your bottom lip, and the bottom right corner the opening into your throat. My mouth isn’t really shaped like that either, but it’s close enough to use the IPA to figure out new vowel sounds.Vowels. Listen to vowels on Paul Meier and Eric Armstrong’s Interactive IPA charts of the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA). If the chart does not appear automatically, press the large orange-and-white play button. For more information, visit the main charts page.The IPA vowel chart is narrower on the bottom than on the top because the difference between the vowels on the bottom is less pronounced than for the vowels on ...This IPA keyboard allows you to type phonetic transcriptions of words in all languages. It provides all the official symbols of the International Phonetic Alphabet (including those for tones) and a few non-IPA symbols commonly used in phonology, such as ˀ, → or ʳ . In addition, it includes most symbols of the Extensions to the International ...About the chart Pure vowels are arranged the same way as in the IPA chart: according to mouth shape (left to right, lips wide / round - top to bottom, jaw closed / open). Diphthongs are grouped in rows according to their second sound. Try some pronunciation activities Telephone number pronunciation What's the pronunciation? The charts below show the way in which the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) represents Korean language pronunciations in Wikipedia articles. It is based on the standard dialect of South Korea and may not represent some of the sounds in the North Korean dialect or in other dialects. Row and column labels are partly my own, reflecting widespread descriptive practice among linguists. The IPA does not label all the rows and columns of its chart. f is the value of this symbol in the Cardinal Vowel system; i.e. a front vowel c is the value of this symbol as commonly used by linguists; i.e. a central vowel. topPlus: , a central vowel. Placed on the IPA chart between Upper and Lower Mid; normally used to show that a vowel is stressless and very short. Sounds shown in italics will not appear in dictation exams. IPA has different labels, with gaps. Rogers says “higher” for my “upper”; my usage is more common.The next letter in the series “A Z E B I Y O” is “C.” The reason for this can be understood by separating the series into three patterns: the vowels (A, E, I, O, U), the letters backward (Z, Y, X, …), and consonants (B, C, D, …).8 ene 2023 ... E.g, according to the IPA, the i vowel is a "closed unrounded front "vowel, and the ε is an "open-mid unrounded front vowel", meaning on the ...Your judgment of ideal vowel-position is closest to Ladefoged's pronunciation, and furthest from Esling's. The author of the book has made a judgment as to where, auditorially, the vowel sits in chart in RP, which correctly reflects details of that particular dialects pronunciation. There are no low vowels in IPA, just open vowels.Diphthong Vowel Sounds. 00:00. Diphthongs are long vowel sounds that start in one position of the mouth and end in another within the same syllable. Standard English pronunciation has 7 diphthong phonemes (some alphabets contain 8 phonemes, see below): An eighth diphthong is included in many phonemic charts: /eə/, though this is considered …Your judgment of ideal vowel-position is closest to Ladefoged's pronunciation, and furthest from Esling's. The author of the book has made a judgment as to where, auditorially, the vowel sits in chart in RP, which correctly reflects details of that particular dialects pronunciation. There are no low vowels in IPA, just open vowels.May 24, 2021 · Stop: a consonant sound where the airflow is stopped completely by the mouth and then sharply released. Think of sounds like “p,” “k,” and “t.”. All languages contain stops. Fricative: a consonant sound where the airflow becomes noisy and turbulent because it only has a very small space to travel through in the mouth. The following tables present pulmonic and non-pulmonic consonants. In the IPA, a pulmonic consonant is a consonant made by obstructing the glottis (the space between the vocal cords) or oral cavity (the mouth) and either simultaneously or subsequently letting out air from the lungs. Pulmonic consonants make up the majority of consonants in the ...The IPA vowel chart has 28 vowel sounds. These are all the vowel sounds that can possibly be made in human speech. However, not all of these vowels are used in English. There are 12 monophthong vowels and eight diphthong vowels used in English. The vowels specific to a language are displayed in phonemic charts.... differences affect pronunciation, but the sounds of English are: Page 10. The Phonetic Alphabet. • Using IPA symbols, we can now represent the pronunciation of ...Plus: , a central vowel. Placed on the IPA chart between Upper and Lower Mid; normally used to show that a vowel is stressless and very short. Sounds shown in italics will not appear in dictation exams. IPA has different labels, with gaps. Rogers says "higher" for my "upper"; my usage is more common.A phonemic chart shows a specific language's consonant and vowel sounds. Using a phonemic chart can be much simpler than using the IPA chart, as there are far ...IPA Charts & Sounds · ENGLISH IPA CHART USED IN ALBERT'S PRONUNCIATION CLASS · THE INTERNATIONAL PHONETIC ALPHABET · Designed by AlbertEnglish.com with the ...
This handy guide to understanding the IPA vowel sounds chart can help if you're studying linguistics or want to learn more about pronunciation.. Houses for rent in oakland ca craigslist
The charts below show the way in which the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) represents Standard Thai pronunciations in Wikipedia articles. For a guide to adding IPA characters to Wikipedia articles, see Template:IPA, and Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Pronunciation § Entering IPA characters.English Diphthong Vowels In The IPA /eɪ/ place /pleɪs/ late /leɪt/ dangerous /ˈdeɪn.dʒə.rəs/ /aʊ/ mouse /maʊs/ brown /braʊn/, accountant /əˈkaʊn.t̬ənt/ In the IPA English Vowel …The ɜ glyph is used — rather than ɘ or ɵ — as most revisions of the phonemic orthography for Australian English predate the 1993 modifications to the International Phonetic Alphabet. At the time, ɜ was suitable for any mid central vowel, rounded or unrounded. The schwa /ə/ is a highly variable sound. For this reason, it is not shown on ... This page is a chart of the International Phonetic Alphabet. The International Phonetic Alphabet is a system of phonetic symbols. These are created and maintained by the International Phonetic Association. It is not a full list of every single sound that is in every language .Table of vowels. This article contains phonetic transcriptions in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA). For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see Help:IPA. For the …Plus: , a central vowel. Placed on the IPA chart between Upper and Lower Mid; normally used to show that a vowel is stressless and very short. Sounds shown in italics will not appear in dictation exams. IPA has different labels, with gaps. Rogers says “higher” for my “upper”; my usage is more common.V o w e l s. The following table displays and describes the different IPA vowels and diphthongs. Click on a vowel to hear an audio clip. (Note: The audio clips may not play well in the media bar of Internet Explorer. Use another player or download the links to disk.)On this page, you will find charts with all American English consonant and vowel sounds. You can choose one of the two phonetic transcription systems - both use the symbols of …Military ranks are an important part of the military structure, and understanding how to read a chart of military ranks is essential for anyone who wants to understand the hierarchy of the armed forces.44 Sounds. British English used in dictionaries has a standard set of 44 sounds, these are called phonemes. On the Pronunciation Studio chart, we have two additional sounds (45 and 46) which are alternative versions of phonemes and are known as allophones (more on these below). For a detailed introduction to the IPA chart’s sounds, mouth ...May 24, 2021 · Stop: a consonant sound where the airflow is stopped completely by the mouth and then sharply released. Think of sounds like “p,” “k,” and “t.”. All languages contain stops. Fricative: a consonant sound where the airflow becomes noisy and turbulent because it only has a very small space to travel through in the mouth. The chart below explains how Wikipedia represents Modern Standard Arabic pronunciations with the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA). Wikipedia also has specific charts for Egyptian Arabic, Hejazi Arabic, Lebanese Arabic, and Tunisian Arabic.For a guide to adding IPA characters to Wikipedia articles, see Template:IPA and …The International Phonetic Alphabet Keyboard (2005 revised edition) IPA Chart Keyboard. ... Where symbols appear in pairs, the one to the right represents a rounded vowel. ... The IPA chart is made up of Unicode characters and is written in valid XHTML/CSS; it is open source software released under the GPL. ...The chart below shows how the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) represents Swedish pronunciations in Wikipedia articles. For a guide to adding IPA characters to Wikipedia articles, see Template:IPA and Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Pronunciation § Entering IPA characters.. The Sweden pronunciation is based primarily on Central Standard Swedish, …This vowel very similar to [ ɑː ], but it’s never pronounced long in English. It is always represented by “u” in a stressed closed syllable, or by an “o”, but both can be pronounced also in a different way. [ɛ] get, bed, set, sell, fell, men. This vowel is the closest one to the sound of the letter “e” in most other languages ...This chart provides audio examples for phonetic vowel symbols. The symbols shown include those in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) and added material. The chart is based on the official IPA vowel chart . The official IPA chart, revised to 2020 Vowels. Front Central Back; Close: i. y. ɨ. ʉ. ɯ. u ... The International Phonetic Alphabet and the IPA Chart; Interactive IPA chart This page was last changed on 11 March 2022, at 14:09. Text is available under the Creative Commons ...Below is a list of all the vowel symbols of the International Phonetic Alphabet, with an explanation of where you can hear these sounds in different words, dialects and languages. (For a quick guide to IPA Consonant symbols, go here.And for a more detailed tutorial of the International Phonetic Alphabet, go here.). When you first start reading the IPA, I would …We have 24 consonant sounds and. 20 vowel sounds in IPA. • Out of 20 Vowel ... represent the pronunciation of words unambiguously. Page 7. (IPA Chart). Page ...jbdowse.com › IPA Charts with Audio. Below is a set of large charts of the International Phonetic Alphabet and some extensions. You can click on any of the characters to hear what they sound like. ... Within a vowel column, the left-hand character of a pair (white background) is unrounded, the right-hand one (light gray background) is rounded..